Coffee maker



Jane 9, 1951 H, SNYDER 2,537,167

COFFEE MAKER Filed Feb. 10, 1 947 5 Sheets-Sheet l jg. Z.

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Jan. 9, 1951 L. H. SNYDER 2,537,167

COFFEE MAKER Filed\ Feb. 10, 1947 's Sheets-Sheet 2 /III ' V LELAND H. SNYDER.

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Jan. 9, 1951 SNYDER 2,537,167

7 COFFEE MAKER Filed Feb. 10, 1947 3 Sheets-SheeVS :FZYEU 2E1?" LELAND H. SNYDER.

c M x1 I Patented Jan. 9, 1951 COFFEE MAKER Leland H. Snyder, Chicago, Ill., assignor, by

mesne assignments, to Knapp-Monarch Company, St. Louis, Mo., a corporation of Delaware ApplicationFebrua-ry 10, 1947, Serial N 0. 727,499

2 Claims 1 This invention relates to an infusion device, and particularly to a coifee maker utilizing associated. upper and lower bowls for preparing coffee infusions which is selectively operable to produce coffee according to either a vacuum or adrip process.

This application constitutes a continuationin-part of my copendi-ng applications Serial No. 570,844, filed January 1, 1945, now Patent No. 2,513,594, Serial No. 653,605, filed March 11,1945, and SerialNo. 655,176, filed March 18, 1946.

- In my above referred to co-pending applications, there are disclosed various modifications of coffee makers,- some of which are so constructed that cofiee may be prepared selectively by either the so-called vacuum process or by the so-called drip process. A particular feature of co-pe-nding application Serial No. 653,605 is construction of the water transfer tube, facilitates the operation of the thermal responsive controlling mechanism for the electrical heating circuit. In coffee makers heretofore known of the associated lower and upper bowl type, the thermostatic control of the heating element has been produced by the increase in temperature of an elevated surface in the base of the lower bowl from which the water is removed by the transfer of water from the lower bowl to the upper bowl by vapor pressure developed upon heatingof the water in thelower bowl. All such prior art constructions, however, utilize central depressions in the base of the lower bowl to secure the so called dry spot operation. Furthermore, in all constructions of the prior art, it was unavoidably necessary that the bottom end of the water transfer project into such depression and further that a substantial amount of waterremain in the depression. The retention of such substantial quantity of water in the lower bowl naturaly exerts aconsiderable cooling effecton the bottom wall of the lower bowl and the heat responsive action of the thermostat secured to bowl wa delayed and rendered non-uniform or inaccurate due to the relatively slow rise in temperature.

A feature of this invention is a cooperating water transfer tube and base construction which results in only a practically negligible residue of water remaining in the lower bowl of the coffee maker as a result of transfer of the water in the lower bowl to the upper bowl by the vapor pressure developed in the lower bowl or any other vessel associated with the lower bowl by the heating of the water. Thi condition is obtained in operation of the cofiee maker according to the vacuum process as well as when operating according to the drip process. In fact, when the coliee maker is operated accordingto the drip process, all of the water is forcibly removed from the lower bowl through the transfer tube and transferred to the upper bowl. Hence the temperature of the heating element will surge rapidly upon the removal of water from the lower bowl and such temperature surge may be utilized in conjunction with a thermal responsive mechanism to effect the deenergization of the electric heating element and the termination of the coffee brewing operation.

Another feature of this invention is an improved mounting arrangement for the thermostatically controlled electric switch of the coffee maker. The mounting arrangement provided by this inventionis of utmost simplicity of construction and assemblyand permits a wide range of adjustment of the operating point of the thermostatically controlled switch to be obtained through the simple expedient of adjusting a screw member.

Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide an improved cofiee maker, and particularly a coffee maker of the associated upper and lower type which is readily converted from operation according to a vacuum process to operation according to a drip process and vice versa.

Another object of this invention is to provide an improved base structure and water transfer tube for a coffee maker of the associated upper and lower bowl type by which all but a negligible quantity of water in the lower bowl may be transferred to the upper bowl through. the application of heat to'the water in the lower bowl.

Another object of this invention is to provide simple, reliable and economical mounting structure for the thermostatically controlled switch of a coffee maker which will permit such switch to be conveniently and accurately adjusted to function from the attainment of any desired Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved removable water transfer tube of the type having a rotatable sleeve valve element provided thereon to permit selective operation of the coffee maker according to a vacuum, or drip process, wherein the filter element constitutes a metallic screen disposed across the fluid flow aperture in the sleeve valve member and bonded to the walls defining such aperture.

The specific nature of this invention, as well as other objects and advantages thereof, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the annexed sheets of drawings which,;byfway of 1 preferred example only, illustrate one specific embodiment of the invention.

On the drawings:

Figure l isa vertical sectional view of an as sembled coffee maker embodying this invention;

*the' coffee maker elements are shown assembled for producing coffee by the drip process;

Figure 2 is a horizontal sectional view taken 'ori'the plane II-II of Figure l;

Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 1 but showing theelements of the coffee maker assembled for producing coffee by the vacuum process;

- Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken 5 on the plane IVIV of Figure 3;

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken on "the plane V'V'of Figure 3;-

Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view taken on the plane VI -VI of Figure 3; and

Figure 'Tis a bottom elevational view of the coffee maker with the base "housing removed.

As shown on the drawings: The coffee maker embodying this invention comprises a lower bowl 2,'preferably of metallic construction, having a relatively wide, open top While not limited thereto,

4 with. longitudinally extending cutaways or slots 180 for a purpose that will be described.

In the central flat portion Ilia of the base It, a plurality of shallow depressions [60 (Figure 6) are stamped in the base I6, being disposed in generally spoke-like relationship about the stud I8. The radial length as well as the depth of such depressions is quite limited so that the total volume of the depressions lfidconsti'tutes merely a negligible portion of the total volume of lower bowl 2. The depressions 16d serve an important function in connection with the automatic thermostatic control of the coffee maker as will be brought out in detail later.

An electric resistance heating element 20 of annular configuration is provided and is clamped into good heat conducting relationship with the bottom surface of the base l6 by an annular pressure plate 22, which in turn is mounted on the depending stud portion I8?) and tightened thereon by a nut 28. In downwardly spaced relationship with respect to the heating element 20, a heat deflecting baffle disk 26 is provided constituting a centrally-apertured member mountable upon the depending. stud portion lb and having its upper surface preferably providedwith a bright reflecting surface so as to effectively shield the elements below said disk from heat radiations developed by heating element 20. Bame disk 26 is secured in position on depending stud l8 by being clamped between the nut 24 and a support plate 38 which in turn is held on stud l8 byanut28.

Support plate 30, as best shown inFigure 7, is provided with a plurality ofdownturned ear portions, respectively 33a, 36b and 330. A leaf spring 32 has one end thereof suitably secured to the ear 33a, as by the rivet 32a, and at its other end is suitably secured to an insulating base 34a, of an electric switch unit 34. vAn adjusting screw 7 36 is threaded into a suitable hole in the second According to this invention, the base It of lower bowl 2 is preferably formed as a stamping separate from the walls of lower bowl 2 but supii ported upon and bonded to an inturned annular flange portion 2a integrally formed on the bottom "portion of the side walls of the lower bowl 2.

The central portions lea, as well as a rim portionifib of the base It, are substantially fiat but the. intermediate portion 160 connecting such fiat portions is of slightly concave configuration. As will be apparent later, the slight depressing of In the center of base [6 a vertical stud i8 is 'secured in bonded relationship; Stud It has an,

upstandingexteriorly' threaded portion Ma pro- ---jecting upwardly in, the lower bowl 2 and a de- :Ipending threaded portion iBb projecting downwardly below the bottom surface of base it. The Iupstanding portion law .of stud i8 is provided ear 3% and engages electric switch unit 34 so that the position of such switch unit may be adjusted in a substantially horizontal planeby adjustment of the screw 36.1 .The switch unit 34 is preferably; of the snap action type, and while it may; comprise any conventional form of snap action switch,- it is illustratedas comprising a plurality of contact carrying switch leaves 34d and 34f suitably mounted upon an insulating base 3%. Athird leaf 34c is connected to the leaf 34d by a curved arm 3%.

The switch 34 isoperated in response to tempera- ,the heatconducting stud 38 and is so disposed that the free end thereof will move in substantiallythe same horizontal planeas the switch operating leaf 340 is disposed and, in particular, will move against switch'operatingleaf 340 to actuate switch unit 34 to open its contacts in .response to the attainment of a desired temperature condition in the lower'bowl 2.

From-the foregoing description, it is apparent that the adjusting screw-35 permits an extremely "convenient and accurate adjustment of the opcrating point of the thermostatically controlled switch unit 34. Movement, of the screw 36 of j.- course produces a bodily movement of switch unit 34, flexing the support spring 32', and thereby changing the position of theswitch operating leaf 340 with respect to'the free" end of the bimetal element 40. r v I r 7 Switch unit (Mi's operated to close its contact by a manually operable reset rod' 42. The inner end of rod 42' is journaled' in a" suitable aperture in depending ear3ll'cwhile the'outer endthereof projects through an aperture (not shown) provided in the sidewall portion IZ' of the base housing 8. Hence'them'ov'ing of the'rod 42 inwardly will engage it inner end with the switch operating leaf 34c" and effect the closing of the switch contacts. v

It Will be understood by those Skilled in. the are that suitable electrical connections are pro-' vided interconnecting the heating element 2;] in series relationship with the contacts of the switch unit 34 and in turn connecting the resulting 'cir'- cuit across the recept'a'cleprongs 43' which are conventionallynioun'te'd in the side wall 12 of the base housing 8 and extend outwardly into a suitable recess provided in the handle 3. Prongs 43 may then be engagedby a conventional receptacle plug and the coffee maker thereby connected to a suitable source of current. Base housing 8 is secured to lower bowl 2' by an annular retainer plate d2 anda nut 44 secured to a reduced diameter end portion of depending stud 18b.

The upper bowl 6 is artistically shaped and, as has been mentioned, is provided on its bottom portion with a generally cylindrical wall 6a. An annular skirt 6b is secured to cylindrical wall portion 6d of the upper bowl in depending relation thereto. An annular seal 54 o'f'rubber-like ma terial surrounds the exterior of skirt portion 6b and cooperates with the inner surface of the top portion 4 of the lower bowl 2' to provide a vaportight seal between the upper and lower bowls.

In the operation of the correemakeiaccording to the drip process, it is nece's"ary to mount a coffee basket beneath the upper bowl 6. To provide a convenient quick detachable support for a suitable coffee basket 56, the bottom portion of depending skirt Sb isprovided with a pluralit of integral, outwardly'projccting nibs' to. The coffee basket 55 is of conventional configuration, having suitable central aperture 58a in the base thereof to snugly receive the water transfer tube ill therethrough. The upper wall portions of basket 58 are provided with a plurality of indentations 55b of bayonet lock configuration which cooperate respectively with the nibs to detachably secure the coffee basket to upper bowl 6 The bottom and side walls of coffee basket 56 may be of the usual perforated construction. An annular, perforated spreader plate 68 is provided across the top portion of coffee basket 56, resting on an integrally formed shoulder 560 in the top'of the coffee basket and thus functions to distribute droplets of water received from the upper bowl 6 across the entire surface area of any coffee grounds contained within coffee basket 55.

The base portion 6d of upper bowl 6 is provided with a central aperture 6e through which "a water transfer tube It may befreely inserted. Around the periphery of central aperture 60 there is provided a plurality of peripherally spaced apertures lid for a purpose that will be described in detail later.

I The bottom end portion of water transfer tube is internally threaded, preferably with a high pitch coarse thread which may be coni enientl'y formed in the" tube I l by a rolling or assume 6 stamping operation. The threads on the up standing thread studs l8a are 'of similar config uration' and hence the bottom end of water transfer tube l0 may be detachably secured to the top end of stud portion 18a. An annular, thin walled coupling member lZ-is provided having a central portion l2a internally threaded to permit the coupling to be threaded upon the bottom portion of the upstanding stud 3a. The top portion 72b of coupling '12 is of larger interior diameter so as to snugly abut and surround the bottom end of tube 10. The lower portion 720 of coupling 12 is flared outwardly and then downwardly and the bottom face thereof rests upon the undepressed portion of the central base area do, overlying part of each Of the depressions lBd, or in other words, lying upon those portions of the base surface lying inter-' mediate the depressions 16d. Thus, it is apparent that the coupling 12 in effect constitutes a continuation of the water transfer tube If! to bring the effective opening of such tube down to a level which is coplanar with the undepressed top surface of the central base portion [5a of the base it. It is further apparent that the cutaway portions [8c provided on stud portion 18a provide fluid communication between the interior of lower bowl 2 and the interior of water transfer tube is through the passages provided by the indentations [6d in the base it.

The water transfer tube 70 is provided at an intermediate point along its length with an outwardly projecting flange 82 which, in the assembled position of the water transfer tube in the coffee maker, overlies the central aperture in the base of upper bowl 6. Therefore, when the water transfer tube 10 is assembled into the coffee maker by threadably engaging its bottom end portion with the upstanding threaded stud portion I 8a. the flange e2 may then be drawn down tightly against the base of upper bowl 5 and an effective seal is thereby provided between the upper bowl 6 and the water transfer tube 1!].

Immediately above the flange 82, the water transfer tube If! is provided with a plurality of axially extending apertures 76b in the walls thereof. A sleeve type valve element 80 is provided which snugly surrounds the apertured wall portion of the water transfer tube It! and is provided with correspondingly shaped apertures 880.. Valve element 80 is rotatable with respectto water transfer tube 10 and, in one rotative position, effects the alignment of valve sleeve apertures 89a with tube apertures lilb, and in another rotative position, affects the closure of the tube aperture 10?). With such construction, the coffee maker is selectively operable according to the vacuum or drip process by the simple expedient of shifting the rotative position of the valve element 8 In its closed position with respect to the tube apertures, the coffee maker will operate according to the drip process, as will be hereinafter described in detail. In its open position, the coffee maker will function according to the vacuum process.

In the vacuum process it is necessary to provide some form of filter to prevent return of coffee grounds to the lower bowl through the water transfer tube it. In accordance with this invention, such filter is conveniently provided. by

metalic screen elements 82 which overlie the apertures in the apertures 80a in the valve sleeve 80 and are bonded to the walls defining such apertures. Thus an effective filtering action is accrue? I provided. by the screens 82 when the valve 30 is in its open position with respect to the water transfer tube ill, yet the screens 82 do not effect the functioning of the water transfer tubedfi when the valve element 80 is in its closed position for producing coffee according to the drip process.

Preferably some form of detent arrangement is provided to releasably secure the valve element 843 in either its open or closed position with respect to water transfer tube Hi. For example, the top end of water transfer tube 18 may be provided with a plurality of spaced notches l te (Figure which cooperate with downwardly projecting lugs 800 on a ring 88?) rigidly secured in the top portion of the valve element 80. Also, a fluid dispersion device 90 may be rigidly secured. to the top of valve sleeve element 85) and functions to direct streams of water rising through the tube i0 radially outwardly when it reaches the top of the tube.

The rotation of water transfer tube iii to or from its secured position may be accomplished directly by the fingers of the user or by the rotation of a cover 93 on the top of upper bowl 6, the cover 96 having a dependingbifurcated cage ele ment 98 which surrounds fluid dispersion device When the coffee maker is assembled according to Figure l, as heretofore described, and a suitable quantity of coffee grounds are placed in the coffee basket and water in the lower bowl, the coffee maker will produce coffee by the so called drip process. A very important factor in the successful operation of the coffee maker according to the drip process lies in the proper proportioning of the total area of the fluid passages Ed provided in the base of upper bowl 6. The actual number of such passages is relatively immaterial, but the total area of the passages must be carefully controlled to insure proper functioning of the coffee maker. As pointed out in my above referred to copending applications, the total area of the fluid passages Ed is selected to be small enough to permit the build up of a substantial vapor pressure in the lower bowl 2 when the contents thereof are heated substantially up to boiling. Such vapor pressure should be suflicient to raise substantially all of the fluid contents of lower bowl 2 up to the water transfer tube iii and into the upper bowl E2 The existence of fluid passages Ed does of course exert a bleeding action on the pressure developed within the lower bowl 2. However, as the heating of the in the lower bowl is continued up to the boiling point, i,

if the total area of fluid passages Ed is properly proportioned, a point will be reached in which the vapor pressure within the'lower bowl 2 builds up faster with the rate of b-eeding off of such pressure through the fluid passages 5d. Accordingly, the pressure in the lower bowl 2 builds up rapidly from that point and effects the transfer of the fluid content therein to the upper bowl through the fluid transfer tube 18 in a manner that is well known to those skilled in the art.

The further limitation on the total area of the fluid passages $11, which is particularly important ;to facilitate the automatic thermostatic control action of the coffee maker including a base construction such as herein described, is that such passages must permit the draining of fluid from The rate of return of the draining fluid should be such that the initial fluid draining through apertures 6d and then through the coffee grounds in coffee basket 53 will not return to lower bowl 2 in any substantial quantity until substantially all of the fluid in the lower bowl has been raised to the upper bowl 6 by the vapor pressure generated in the lower bowl 2. Or in other words, the rate of return of the draining fluid through the apertures Gd and the coffee grounds contained in coffee basket 56 is sufficiently slow to insure that the point will be reached in the water transfer process wherein the only water remaining in the lower bowl is that contained in the depression ltd. When this point is reached, there will be a large surge in temperature of the heating element 2a and as a result, even that small residue of water in the depressions Hid will be evaporated. Such temperature surge readily produces sufficient heat flow through the thermostat support post 38 to the bimetal element 40 to open the contacts of switch 34 and deenergize the heating element 20.

It should be particularly noted that when the described coffee maker is operated according to the drip process, there is a distinct functional difference in operation as compared to that of a conventional thermostatically controlled vacuum type coffee maker. In the described construction, as each succeeding quantity of water from the lower bowl 2 is raised in the water transfer tube It, such water spills out over the top of the tube ll} into the upper bowl 5 and hence does not depend upon the pressure in the lower bowl 2 for its support in the upper bowl 6. As the water level in the lower bowl 2 approaches a point where all the water is contained in the depressions ltd, the water in tube 10 is literally blown out of the top of the tube by the vapor pressure in lower bowl 2. In fact, when the total volume of the depressions Hid is quite small, even the water in such depressions is blown up through the tube and the entire lower bowl is abruptly cleared of water. Even if all of the water is not instantly blown out of the depressions Hid, from that point on, the lower bowl 2 actually functions as a pressure free boiler, the tube 1U providing immediate release of pressure generated therein to the atmosphere. Hence all of the water remaining in the depressions in the lower bowl is rapidly evaporated. Hence it is not surprising that immediately following the transfer of water to the upper bowl, the temperature of the heating element 24] rises sharply due to the greatly decreased rate of heat dissipation from the base it of the lower bowl 2. Such sharp rise is extremely desirable for accurate thermostatic switch operation and, in cofiee makers embodying this construction, the opening of the switch contacts occurs with'an unusual degree of uniformity at any selected time interval after the elevation of the water to the upper bowl 6 depending only upon the particular adjustment of the adjustingscrew.

The proportioning of the total area of the apertures Ed so as to delay the downward flow of water from the upper bowl 6 has already been discussed. However, it is desired to point out, that even though some water does return to the lower bowl 2 through such apertures, before the deenergization of the heating element has occurred, the exposed surface of the base I6 01 the lower bowl 2 is sufficiently hot so that such return droplets of water are immediately flashed into steam and recirculated. Generally, the thermostatically controlled switch will be actuated to quantity i of coffee liquor is returned to the lower :bowl through the apertures be and the coffee grounds contained in the coffee basket 58.

-To;convert the described coffee maker to proyducecofiiee according to theva-cuum p the valve sleeve element 89 is1rotated on the water transfertube in to align ,thevalve apertures 30a. with the tube apertures 10b. The coffeegrounds are thenplaced directlyon .thobase of the upper bowl 6. The coifee basket 56 may be entirely removed from the coffee maker or left therein as desired.

The energization of the heating element as by the closing of the switch unit 34 will heat the water contained in the lower bowl 2, and in time, will generate sufficient vapor pressure in the 1ower bowl to force such water upwardly through water transfer tube 10 into the upper bowl 5 where it will mingle with the coffee grounds and effect the coffee infusion. However, the interior of water transfer tube is in fluid communication with the interior of upper bowl 6 through the relatively large apertures Nib. Hence, the water in the upper bowl 6 will continually tend by gravity to return to the lower bowl 6. There will, however, be no actual return until the water level in lower bowl 2 drops below the effective end of fluid transfer tube Ill, which corresponds to the bottom face of the coupling 12. In the operation according to the vacuum process, it is then observed that a cyclic surging action takes place immediately following the initial transfer of the water from the lower bowl to the upper bowl. That is, as the vapor pressure in the lower bowl increases. it creates an upward draft of substantial velocity in the water transfer tube which carries along practically all of the residue of water remaining in the lower bowl. However, immediately that such excess pressure is liberated, water flows down the inner walls of the tubes to again create a residue in the lower bowl approximately equal to the volume of the spoke-like depressions 16b. The lower bowl is then effectively sealed, the vapor pressure again builds up to a point sufficient to permit it to forcibly escape up through the water transfer tube is and thus initiate another surge cycle.

It should be particularly noted that a rapid temperature surge of the heating element, and hence of the lower bowl, is nevertheless produced, inasmuch as the maximum residue of water remaining at any time in the lower bowl after the initial transfer is so small as to have practically negligible cooling eifect upon the base It of the lower bowl. Hence the temperature of base It rapidly increases and reliable operation of the thermostatic switch 34 is assured.

It is desired to point out still another advantageous feature of the coffee maker embodying this invention when operated according to vacuum process. During the initial transfer of water from the lower bowl to the upper bowl, and in the recurring surge-like transfers subsequent thereto, the water flows from the interior of the water transfer tube 10 into the upper bowl 6 through both the side wall apertures 10b and out from the top "of the water transfer tube 70 in a generally radial direction as determined by the fluid dispersion device 90. Since the water is applied to the coffee grounds in the upper bowl simultaneously from below and above such grounds an unusual degree of turbulence is produced in the liquid contained in upper bowl 6, thus assur- (ill -ing an intimate contact of'the coffee grounds with the water and insuring that complete .infusion of all extractable material in the coffee grounds occurs. Suchturbulent mixing action continues so long as the heater element is energized by virtue of the recurring upward surges of water and vapor-which follow theinitial trans for of thewater fromthe lower bowl to theupper bowl.

It will, of course, be understood that various details of construction may bevaried through a wide-range after departing from the principles of this invention and is, therefore, not the-purpose granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the scope of the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a coffee maker, a water container, a stud secured to the base of said container and having a threaded portion depending from said base, a support plate mounted on said stud, said support plate having a plurality of depending ear portions, a leaf spring secured at one end to one of said ear portions, a snap action electric switch secured to the free end of said leaf spring, an operating member for said switch, an adjusting screw threaded in another of said ear portions and arranged to engage said switch to adjust the position of said switch operating member, a heat conducting bracket secured to the base of the container, thermal responsive means supported on the end of said bracket including an arm movable into engagement with said switch operating member to effect an opening of the switch contacts as a function of the temperature of said container, whereby said adjusting screw permits selection of the container temperature at which said switch contacts are opened, and a manual switch operating rod supported for movement into engagement with said switch operating member by a third depending ear portion on said plate, said rod extending laterally beyond the perimeter of said container and being engageable with said switch operating member to effect the closing of the contacts of said switch.

2. In a coffee maker, a water container, a stud secured to the base of said container and having a threaded portion depending from said base, an annular electric heating element surrounding said stud, means including a nut on said stud for clamping said heating element against said base, a heat deflecting bafile disk mounted on said stud downwardly spaced from said heating element, a support plate mounted on said stud below said baffle plate, said support plate having a plurality of depending ears, a leaf spring secured at one end to one of said ears, a snap action electric switch secured to the free end of said leaf spring, means operatively connecting said electric switch in the energization circuit of said heating ele= In ent, an operating member for said switch, an adjusting screw threaded in another of said ears and arranged to adjust the position of said switch operating member in a substantially horizontal plane, a heat conducting bracket secured to the base of said container, thermal responsive means supported on the end of said container including an arm movable in said horizontal plane to enage said switch operating members to effect the opening of the switch contacts as a function of the temperature of said container, whereby said adjusting screw permits selection of the container temperature at which said switch contacts are open, and a manual switch operating rod supported for sliding movement in said horizontal planeby a third depending ear on said plate, said I 11 1 manual 'biaerating rod extending laterally beyond the perimeter of said contairlr and movable into engagement with said switcl i i eperating member to efie'ct'the closing of the Switch contacts.

LELANDH. SNYDER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

Number 1,555,267 2,046,710 2,109,363 2,262,286 2,312 555 2,386,278 2,388,335 2,394,121 2,452,508

12 Name Date Colby Sept. 29, 1925' Umstott July '7, 1936 Williams Feb. 22, 1938 Ireland Nov. 11, 1941 Jepson Mar. 2, 1943 Strother Oct. 9, 1945 McCullough Nov. 6, 1945 Ulanet Feb. 5, 1946 Ulanet Oct. 26, 1948' 

